UN Women Calls for Greater Recognition of Unpaid Care Work
UN Women renewed its call to recognize unpaid care work on October 29, citing an estimate that 708 million women were outside the global labor force because of caregiving. The statement, alongside recent U.S. time-use figures, shows how the numbers were calculated and what they reveal about family responsibilities and paid employment.
Key Takeaways
- UN Women’s October 29, 2026, statement cited International Labour Organization estimates based on 2023 data
- The ILO counted 708 million women and 40 million men outside the labor force due to caregiving responsibilities
- In 2025, 87% of U.S. women and 75% of men performed household activities on an average day
- A separate October 22 analysis found 66 of 190 economies guaranteed no paid leave for fathers
UN Women marked the International Day of Care and Support on Thursday, October 29, with a statement calling for greater recognition of unpaid caregivers and improved conditions for people employed in care occupations. It also highlighted parental leave and accessible childcare as factors affecting how families divide responsibilities.
At the center of the statement is a figure that requires context. The estimate of 708 million women is drawn from 2023 labor-force data published by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in October 2024. It is not a new 2026 count or a measure of how many women left jobs this year.
Unpaid Care Work Explains the 708 Million Estimate
The ILO estimated that 748 million people age 15 and older were outside the labor force because of care responsibilities in 2023. Women accounted for 708 million of them, compared with 40 million men. The estimates drew on information from 125 countries.
Among approximately 1.6 billion women outside the labor force worldwide, 45% cited care as the reason, compared with 5% of roughly 800 million men. Among women ages 25 to 54 who were outside the labor force, about two-thirds, or 379 million, identified caregiving responsibilities.
Those responsibilities can involve children, older relatives, family members with disabilities and household tasks. The data identify a reported reason for not participating in the labor force. They do not measure each person’s care hours or establish whether every respondent wanted a paid position.
UN Women separately stated that women perform more than three-quarters of unpaid care work worldwide and spend more than three times as long on it as men. Those global comparisons do not describe the division of work in every country or household.
U.S. Time-Use Data Show Differences in Household Responsibilities
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics released its 2025 American Time Use Survey on June 25, 2026. It found that 87% of women and 75% of men age 15 and older performed household activities on an average day. Among those who did these activities, women spent 2.8 hours on them, compared with 2.1 hours for men.
Household activities include cooking, cleaning, household management and lawn care. The category is broader than direct care for children or relatives, so its totals should not be presented as a precise measure of unpaid caregiving.
Childcare figures show another difference. Among adults living in households with children under six, women spent an average of 2.8 hours daily providing primary childcare, compared with 1.7 hours for men. The measure covers childcare performed as the main activity, including feeding, bathing and reading.
For adults living with children under 13, the survey also recorded secondary childcare, when an adult remains responsible for a child while doing something else. Women averaged 5.74 hours of secondary care daily, compared with 4.27 hours for men in those households.
These findings describe time use rather than proving why someone does or does not hold a job. Research on workplace flexibility for mothers likewise considers childcare access and scheduling alongside remote-work arrangements.
Paid Leave Differences Put Family Care Arrangements in Focus
A joint UN Women and World Bank Group policy brief released October 22 examined parental leave across 190 economies. It found that 66 offered no legally guaranteed paid leave for fathers. Of the remaining 124 economies, half provided less than two weeks.

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The same analysis found that six economies guaranteed no paid leave for mothers, while 61 did not meet the ILO standard of at least 14 weeks of paid maternity leave. It reported that mothers were entitled to nearly eight times as much paid leave as fathers, on average.
These figures concern national legal guarantees, not the benefits every employer provides. They also should not be read as a description of U.S. parental leave rules. UN Women referenced the findings in its October 29 call for more accessible childcare and a more even division of care within families.
Separate research into women’s workplace advancement has examined family-friendly policies alongside career opportunities and organizational conditions. The evidence addresses related questions, but neither study establishes that a single policy determines an individual woman’s employment decisions.
Paid Care Workers Face a Different Set of Workplace Issues
UN Women also drew attention to care provided as paid employment. It reported that women make up approximately 65% of paid care workers worldwide, a group distinct from people carrying out care responsibilities without compensation at home.
The organization stated, “Care work must be fairly paid, with safe working conditions, social protection, and decent work for all.”
Its statement called for stronger recognition of care workers and described the TransformCare Global Initiative as part of its work with partner organizations on care policies.
The announcement did not introduce a new U.S. program or provide an updated count of unpaid caregivers. Its central figures remain tied to previously published international estimates and recent research on parental leave.
Frequently Asked Questions
What counts as unpaid care work?
Unpaid care work can include caring for children, supporting older relatives or people with disabilities, and managing household responsibilities without pay. The ILO’s estimate concerns respondents who identified care responsibilities as the reason they were outside the labor force.
Is the figure of 708 million women new for 2026?
No. UN Women cited an ILO estimate based on 2023 labor-force data and released in October 2024, rather than a new count for 2026.
How much time do U.S. women spend on household activities?
In 2025, women who performed household activities spent an average of 2.8 hours on them, compared with 2.1 hours for men who participated. The figures cover a broader range of tasks than direct caregiving.
What did the parental leave analysis find?
The October 22 UN Women and World Bank Group analysis found that 66 of 190 economies provided no legal guarantee of paid leave for fathers. Half of the 124 economies that provided such leave offered less than two weeks.

