Women held 30.5% of management positions worldwide in 2025, according to a report released by the International Labour Organization (ILO) on November 3, 2026. The report, Women in Business and Management: Scaling Success, examines women’s representation in business leadership, progress in executive roles and workplace conditions affecting career advancement. Although women have gained representation in senior positions, the findings identify persistent management gaps and declining implementation of workplace equality initiatives.
Key Takeaways
- Women held 30.5% of management positions worldwide in 2025, according to ILO estimates
- Women’s share of management roles increased from approximately 24.5% in 2000
- The ILO’s 2025 enterprise survey included 11,957 businesses across 99 countries
- Women’s representation improved in senior and executive leadership, while gender balance declined in junior and middle management
- The average implementation rate of gender equality and diversity initiatives among surveyed enterprises declined from 37.4% in 2018 to 26.5% in 2025
- Unequal caregiving responsibilities and structural workplace barriers continue to affect women’s professional advancement
ILO Report Finds Women Hold 30.5% of Management Positions
Women account for fewer than one-third of management positions worldwide, according to the ILO’s latest findings. The 30.5% figure reflects global labor market estimates for 2025 and highlights the difference between women’s participation in employment and their representation in organizational leadership.
Women represented approximately 40% of global employment in 2025 but held a smaller share of managerial positions. This difference shows that participation in the workforce has not translated into equivalent representation in management.
The report combines global labor market estimates with enterprise surveys conducted in 2013, 2018 and 2025. Its latest survey included 11,957 enterprises across 99 countries, providing additional information about corporate leadership, workplace policies and gender equality initiatives.
The global management figure comes from ILO labor market estimates rather than directly from the enterprise survey. The survey provides separate evidence about how participating businesses approach leadership representation and workplace equality.
Women’s Representation in Management Shows Gradual Growth
Women’s share of management positions increased from approximately 24.5% in 2000 to 30.5% in 2025. Despite this increase, women continue to hold a minority of management roles globally.
The ILO’s findings also distinguish progress in senior leadership from representation at other management levels. Between 2013 and 2025, gender balance improved in senior and top management but declined in junior and middle management among surveyed enterprises.
This difference raises questions about how women gain access to management responsibilities and advance through organizations. Lower representation in junior and middle management may affect the number of women available for future senior leadership appointments.
Educational attainment is another factor considered in the report. Although women have made substantial gains in higher education, those improvements have not produced equal representation across business leadership positions.
Separate research examining women’s workplace advancement opportunities identified similar concerns about professional progression. A study by Utah State University’s Utah Women and Leadership Project, based on responses from more than 5,200 Utah residents, found that highly educated women continued to report fewer advancement opportunities than men.
While the Utah research focuses on workplace perceptions rather than global management statistics, it provides additional context for understanding why educational qualifications do not necessarily correspond with equal career opportunities.
Women Gain Representation in Senior Corporate Leadership
The ILO report identifies improvements in women’s representation at the highest levels of corporate leadership.
Among surveyed enterprises, the share with a woman serving as board chair increased from 13.1% in 2013 to 30.9% in 2025. The proportion reporting a woman CEO also rose from 23.4% to 28.2% over the same period.
These figures indicate progress in executive representation, although they measure leadership positions within participating enterprises rather than the proportion of all executive jobs held by women worldwide.
The report also examines the business outcomes associated with gender equality and diversity initiatives. Approximately 68.5% of enterprises surveyed in 2025 reported that these initiatives had improved business outcomes.
The reported benefits included improvements in talent attraction, employee retention, engagement and productivity. These are enterprise-reported outcomes and should not be interpreted as guaranteed results from implementing similar initiatives.
Despite improvements in executive representation, the ILO found that women’s participation remains uneven across management levels. The report emphasizes the importance of developing leadership opportunities throughout organizations rather than focusing exclusively on senior appointments.
Workplace Support Measures Face Declining Implementation
The ILO’s findings identify a difference between businesses adopting gender equality policies and putting workplace support measures into practice.
In 2025, 74.8% of surveyed enterprises reported having a gender equality and diversity policy or equivalent measure. However, the average share implementing the initiatives examined in the report declined from 37.4% in 2018 to 26.5% in 2025.
The decline included workplace measures that participating businesses identified as effective, such as maternity leave support programs and equal pay initiatives.
Maternity-related support can affect women’s ability to remain employed and pursue professional advancement while managing family responsibilities. Equal pay policies and measures addressing workplace harassment also form part of the employment conditions examined by the ILO.
The findings distinguish formal workplace commitments from their implementation. A company may establish policies supporting gender equality without consistently applying the measures needed to make those policies effective.
The report therefore emphasizes the importance of evaluating how workplace initiatives operate in practice, including whether employees can access the support provided under company policies.
For employers, these findings identify an area for reviewing existing policies, assessing implementation and examining whether workplace arrangements support continued career development.
ILO Identifies Barriers to Women’s Career Advancement
The ILO identifies structural barriers, occupational segregation and unequal caregiving responsibilities as continuing challenges to women’s representation in management.
These factors can affect career opportunities beyond individual qualifications or professional experience. Responsibilities outside paid employment, particularly unpaid caregiving, may influence access to management roles when workplace arrangements do not accommodate employees’ needs.
Workplace attitudes can also shape professional experiences. A separate Lean In survey examining gender bias in workplaces found associations between gender-related comments heard at work and women’s reports of biased leadership feedback.
The Lean In findings do not establish that those comments directly caused discrimination or specific career outcomes. However, they provide additional information about the workplace experiences that may accompany unequal professional opportunities.
The ILO recommends strengthening women’s leadership development, improving access to business functions where women remain underrepresented and using measurable indicators to assess progress.
Its recommendations also include voluntary leadership targets and clearer organizational accountability for gender equality initiatives.
Beyond individual workplaces, the report calls for attention to unequal caregiving responsibilities, occupational segregation and social expectations that can limit women’s professional opportunities.
The findings indicate that improving women’s representation in management requires attention to both leadership opportunities within organizations and the broader conditions affecting career advancement.
Frequently Asked Questions
What percentage of management positions worldwide are held by women?
Women held 30.5% of management positions worldwide in 2025, according to estimates reported by the International Labour Organization.
What is the ILO report on women in management?
The report, Women in Business and Management: Scaling Success, was released on November 3, 2026. It examines women’s representation in business leadership, gender equality initiatives and workplace conditions affecting professional advancement.
How many countries were included in the ILO research?
The ILO’s 2025 enterprise survey included 11,957 businesses across 99 countries. The report also draws on earlier enterprise surveys and global labor market data.
Has women’s representation in management improved?
Yes. Women’s share of management positions increased from approximately 24.5% in 2000 to 30.5% in 2025. However, women continue to hold fewer than one-third of managerial positions globally.
What workplace barriers affect women’s advancement into management?
The ILO identifies unequal caregiving responsibilities, occupational segregation, structural workplace barriers and inconsistent implementation of gender equality measures as factors affecting career advancement.
What does the ILO recommend to improve women’s representation in leadership?
The organization recommends strengthening leadership development, improving access to management opportunities, introducing measurable gender equality targets and addressing structural barriers within and outside the workplace.