XOXO: The Meaning and Usage Online

Womens Journal Staff 3 on April 17, 2025

What Does XOXO Mean?

XOXO is a popular symbol used to express affection, good friendship, or love. The “X” represents kisses, while the “O” stands for hugs. This playful combination is often used in casual communication, especially in written forms like text messages, emails, or social media posts. While the meaning behind the symbol is universally understood, the context in which it’s used can vary—sometimes it’s a lighthearted expression, and other times it can be a more meaningful gesture of affection.

The Origin of XOXO

The exact origin of XOXO is somewhat unclear, but there are a few popular theories. One theory suggests that the “X” represents a kiss, dating back to the Middle Ages when an “X” was used as a stand-in for a kiss in letters, especially by those who couldn’t write their names. It is believed that the “O” then evolved as a symbol for a hug, stemming from the way people might form their arms in an embrace.

Another theory points to the use of the “X” as a symbol of a kiss in the early Christian era, with the “X” representing a cross and the “O” possibly symbolizing a hug as a round, enclosing shape. Over time, these symbols became more associated with affection and warmth in the modern sense.

XOXO in Online Communication

In today’s digital age, XOXO has become a go-to expression for conveying affection or friendship in text form. It’s commonly used in social media posts, texts, and emails as a way to sign off or end a conversation on a positive note. For example, someone might say, “Talk to you soon, XOXO,” or “I miss you, XOXO.”

While it can be used between close friends, family members, or romantic partners, it is often seen as less formal than other expressions of love or affection, such as “I love you.” It’s casual, playful, and intimate, making it suitable for a wide range of relationships.

XOXO Across Different Platforms

The usage of XOXO has spread across various digital platforms, from text messages to social media. On platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, users often end posts with “XOXO” to add a personal touch to their messages, particularly when addressing their followers or friends. Influencers, celebrities, and brands have also adopted this gesture to convey warmth and closeness with their audiences, making it a common and endearing sign-off.

In texting, XOXO can be used to express affection toward a friend, partner, or even someone you’re just getting to know. Its usage has become almost universally understood as a friendly or loving gesture, making it a simple yet effective way to communicate positive emotions.

XOXO in Popular Culture

XOXO has also made its way into popular culture, with references appearing in TV shows, movies, and music. Perhaps one of the most iconic associations with XOXO comes from the television series Gossip Girl, where the character Gossip Girl would sign off with “XOXO” at the end of each episode. This catchphrase became closely tied to the idea of mysterious and glamorous relationships, further cementing XOXO’s place in pop culture as an expression of closeness and intrigue.

It has since been featured in songs, books, and other forms of media, often used to convey affection, warmth, or the complexity of relationships.

The Usage of XOXO in Different Relationships

The meaning and significance of XOXO can vary depending on the relationship between the people involved. For example:

Romantic Relationships: In romantic relationships, XOXO is often used to show love, affection, and intimacy. It’s commonly included in texts or messages to a significant other as a sweet, casual way of saying “I love you” without the formality.
Friendships: Among friends, XOXO can be a lighthearted and friendly expression of closeness. It’s a way to end a conversation or message with warmth, particularly when the friendship is built on mutual affection and support.
Family: In families, XOXO can also be a common way to express love and affection, especially when distance separates loved ones. Parents may send their children a quick “XOXO” text, or family members may use it in letters or cards to show they care.

Why XOXO Is So Popular

XOXO is popular because of its simplicity and universality. It conveys warmth and affection in a way that feels both personal and informal, making it suitable for a wide range of relationships and situations. The combination of kisses and hugs in such a compact form is easy to understand, and it brings a sense of closeness without being overly formal. In an era where digital communication is often quick and impersonal, XOXO adds a human, emotional touch.

Potential Misunderstandings of XOXO

While XOXO is typically seen as a friendly or loving gesture, it can sometimes be misinterpreted, especially in contexts where the relationship between the sender and recipient is unclear. For example, if used in a professional setting, XOXO might come across as overly familiar or inappropriate. It’s important to consider the nature of the relationship and the context before using XOXO to avoid any misunderstandings.

Additionally, because XOXO is often associated with casual relationships, it might not be seen as appropriate in more formal or serious contexts, especially in business communications.

XOXO has evolved from a simple expression of affection into a globally recognized symbol of love, friendship, and warmth. Whether used in texts, social media posts, or casual conversations, it serves as a lighthearted and intimate way to convey positive emotions. As an expression, XOXO has transcended language barriers, offering a universal gesture of human connection, affection, and closeness that continues to thrive in the digital age.

Understanding and Addressing the Causes and Consequences of Stiff and Rigid Muscles

Womens Journal Staff 2 on April 17, 2025

Defining Stiffness and Rigidity

When it comes to muscle issues, stiffness and rigidity are terms that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. Stiffness typically refers to a sensation of tightness or difficulty in initiating movement, often experienced after long periods of inactivity or overuse. It can also manifest as a feeling of muscle tightness that limits the ease of movement.

Rigidity, on the other hand, is a condition where there is an increased and involuntary resistance to passive movement of the muscles. Unlike stiffness, rigidity is often associated with neurological conditions and does not necessarily improve with movement or stretching. It can lead to significant challenges in muscle control and movement, particularly in conditions like Parkinson’s disease or dystonia.

Understanding the difference between these two sensations is crucial for determining the underlying causes and selecting appropriate treatments.

Common Causes of Muscle Stiffness

Several factors can contribute to muscle stiffness, ranging from everyday activities to underlying health conditions.

Physical Inactivity

Prolonged periods of sitting or lack of movement can lead to muscle stiffness. When muscles remain in one position for an extended period, they can become tight and less flexible. This is often experienced after a long day of sitting at a desk or traveling. The longer the muscles remain idle, the more likely they are to become stiff, which can hinder movement and lead to discomfort.

Overexertion and Muscle Strain

Engaging in intense physical activity, especially if the body isn’t accustomed to the level of exertion, can result in muscle strain. Overexertion leads to microtears in muscle fibers, which can cause stiffness and soreness as the muscles recover. This is often referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which can last for up to 72 hours after intense exercise.

Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance

Proper hydration is crucial for muscle function. Dehydration or an imbalance of electrolytes—such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium—can lead to muscle cramps and stiffness. Electrolytes help regulate muscle contractions, and when they are out of balance, muscles may experience spasms, tightness, or involuntary contractions.

Poor Posture

Poor posture can cause muscle imbalances and lead to stiffness, especially in the neck, back, and shoulders. Over time, consistently slouching or leaning forward can strain muscles, creating tension and discomfort. This is particularly common in people who spend long hours in front of computers or in sedentary positions.

Stress and Tension

Stress is a significant contributor to muscle tightness. When under stress, the body releases stress hormones such as cortisol, which can cause muscles to contract. Chronic stress leads to prolonged muscle tension, particularly in areas such as the neck, shoulders, and jaw. Over time, this can result in stiffness and discomfort that can limit movement and flexibility.

Minor Injuries

Sprains and strains can also cause muscle stiffness. When muscles or tendons are injured, the body often responds by guarding the injured area, causing surrounding muscles to become tight as a protective mechanism. This protective muscle contraction can lead to prolonged stiffness and discomfort in the affected area.

Underlying Medical Conditions Causing Rigidity

While many cases of muscle stiffness are temporary and can be resolved with rest, there are several serious medical conditions that can cause persistent muscle rigidity.

Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are conditions that affect the joints and can lead to muscle rigidity. In osteoarthritis, joint degeneration leads to the formation of bone spurs, which can cause stiffness in the surrounding muscles. In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation in the joints can lead to muscle tightness and limited mobility due to swelling and pain.

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to muscle rigidity. One of the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s is bradykinesia, or slowness of movement, often accompanied by rigid muscles. This rigidity can make it difficult for individuals to move freely and can significantly impact their quality of life.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to muscle weakness, spasms, and rigidity. MS disrupts nerve signals between the brain and muscles, causing difficulty with coordination, balance, and muscle control.

Dystonia

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which can lead to twisting, repetitive movements, and postures. This condition often results in muscle rigidity, affecting various body parts, including the neck, hands, and legs.

Certain Medications

Some medications, particularly antipsychotics, can cause side effects that include muscle rigidity or muscle stiffness. These medications may interfere with the normal functioning of the nervous system, leading to involuntary muscle contractions and stiffness.

Physiological Mechanisms

Muscle stiffness and rigidity are influenced by various biological processes. Muscle fibers can become shortened or stretched due to changes in their length, leading to tightness. Increased muscle tone, which refers to the degree of tension in a muscle, is a common factor in both stiffness and rigidity. Inflammation caused by injury or chronic conditions can also increase muscle tightness by irritating muscle fibers and nerves. Finally, neurological factors, such as abnormal signaling from the nervous system, play a significant role in conditions like Parkinson’s disease and dystonia, contributing to involuntary muscle resistance and rigidity.

Consequences of Untreated Stiffness and Rigidity

When stiffness and rigidity go untreated, they can have significant consequences on mobility and overall well-being. Chronic muscle stiffness can limit flexibility and range of motion, making it difficult to perform daily activities. Poor posture resulting from muscle tightness can lead to long-term spinal issues and joint pain. The increased risk of injury is another consequence, as tight muscles are more prone to strains and sprains.

In more severe cases, untreated muscle rigidity can lead to a reduced quality of life, making it challenging to perform routine tasks or maintain an active lifestyle.

Strategies for Prevention and Management

There are several strategies to help prevent and manage muscle stiffness and rigidity.

Regular Exercise and Movement

Engaging in regular exercise is crucial for maintaining muscle strength and flexibility. Activities like walking, swimming, and cycling help keep muscles active and reduce the risk of stiffness due to inactivity.

Stretching and Flexibility Exercises

Incorporating stretching and flexibility exercises into your routine can improve muscle elasticity and range of motion. Yoga and Pilates are great practices for increasing flexibility and relieving tension in muscles.

Proper Hydration and Nutrition

Staying hydrated and ensuring proper electrolyte balance are key to maintaining healthy muscle function. Consuming a diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals, including calcium and magnesium, can support muscle relaxation and recovery.

Good Posture and Ergonomics

Maintaining proper posture and ergonomics, especially in work or home environments, can help prevent muscle strain. Ensure that workstations are set up to support proper alignment, and take breaks to stretch if sitting for long periods.

Stress Management Techniques

Managing stress through meditation, deep breathing, and relaxation techniques can significantly reduce muscle tension. Reducing stress helps to lower cortisol levels, which can alleviate the tightness caused by stress-induced muscle contractions.

Heat and Cold Therapy

Applying heat to stiff muscles can promote relaxation and blood flow, while cold therapy can reduce inflammation and pain associated with injury. Both therapies can be effective in relieving muscle discomfort.

Massage and Manual Therapy

Massage therapy can help reduce muscle tightness and improve circulation. Manual therapy techniques, such as trigger point therapy and myofascial release, can target specific areas of muscle stiffness.

Medications (for underlying conditions)

For individuals with underlying conditions, medications such as muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed by a healthcare professional to alleviate symptoms and improve mobility.

Chasing Dreams in Heels: A Conversation with Ms. USA Universe Petite 2025, Adriana Pushchak

Women's Journal Staff on April 17, 2025

By: Women’s Magazine

There’s something undeniably warm about Adriana Pushchak. She may have recently won the title of Ms. USA Universe Petite 2025, but her presence isn’t commanding in the traditional pageant sense—it’s soft, glowing, and inviting, like sitting across from a friend you’ve known for years. We met her on a sun-drenched patio in West Hollywood, where she greeted us in a flowy linen dress and minimal makeup, her signature smile doing most of the talking.
Adriana is a reminder that grace and strength can coexist—and that kindness, contrary to popular belief, can be a powerful force in its own right.

Women’s Circle: First things first—congratulations on your title! What has life been like since that incredible moment?

Adriana: Thank you! Honestly, it still feels surreal. I keep replaying that night in my mind—the lights, the energy, hearing my name called. But more than the crown, it’s what’s come after that’s really moved me. I’ve had the opportunity to meet many inspiring women, speak at schools, and collaborate with young creatives. It’s busy, but I wake up every day grateful.

Women’s Circle: You mentioned that your win was a beginning, not an end. What did you mean by that?

Adriana: The crown is an incredible honor, but it also brings a sense of responsibility. For me, the goal has never been just about pageants. I’ve dreamed of being an actress since I was a little girl—back when I used to put on performances for my family in our living room. So winning this title gave me a platform to reach more people, but it also gave me clarity. I realized that I want to keep telling stories, only now I want to do it on-screen too.

Women’s Circle: So Hollywood is calling?

Adriana: It’s definitely part of the plan. I’m working with an acting coach, going on auditions, and really trying to grow in that space. It’s humbling, but also very exciting. Acting gives me the freedom to explore different aspects of myself—strength, softness, fear, love. It’s similar to pageantry, but with even more vulnerability.

Women’s Circle: Speaking of vulnerability, you often talk about the importance of self-belief. How did you build yours?

Adriana: That’s been a journey, honestly. I didn’t always feel confident—especially as a petite girl who didn’t see many women like me in the media growing up. But over time, I learned that confidence isn’t something you’re born with. It’s something you build, little by little, through choices. Showing up when you’re scared. Saying yes to opportunities. Failing and trying again. I’ve also had a lot of support—my family has always been my anchor. They remind me who I am on the days I forget.

Women’s Circle: What’s one thing you wish more women knew about themselves?

Adriana: That they don’t have to earn their worth. You are worthy just by being here. You don’t have to be the loudest, the tallest, the most experienced, or the most put-together. You just have to be you. And that’s enough.

Women’s Circle: You’re very open about lifting others up. Where does that come from?

Adriana: I’ve had women lift me up when I needed it most. Whether it was my mom reminding me that setbacks are just redirections, or a stranger’s kind word on a tough day—it matters. I think when you’ve been shown that kind of compassion, you naturally want to give it back. I truly believe that when women support women, positive things happen. We don’t need to compete; we can rise together.

Women’s Circle: Let’s talk fashion for a second. Your pageant looks were stunning! Who helped you create them?

Adriana: Oh, thank you! I worked with the incredible stylist Elena Martel—she really helped bring my vision to life. I told her I wanted every look to feel empowering but also true to me. We played with structure, movement, softness—because I’m all those things.

Chasing Dreams in Heels: A Conversation with Ms. USA Universe Petite 2025, Adriana Pushchak

Photo Courtesy: @adriana.push

Women’s Circle: What’s your go-to outfit when you’re off-duty?

Adriana: Honestly? High-waisted jeans, a white tee, a blazer, and gold hoops. Classic, clean, and a little bit playful. Add a matcha latte, and I’m happy.

Women’s Circle: What brings you joy these days?

Adriana: Long walks without my phone. Deep conversations with people who make me feel safe. Cooking dinner with music playing in the background. Seeing women step into their light. And when someone tells me I’ve helped them believe in themselves? That’s the best kind of joy.

Women’s Circle: Final question: if you could whisper one message to every woman reading this, what would it be?

Adriana: That your dreams are valid—even the ones you’re scared to say out loud. Trust the whisper in your heart. It knows where you’re meant to go.

As the sun dipped lower, Adriana leaned back in her chair and laughed at something offhand, completely at ease. It’s clear that her beauty radiates from a place far deeper than appearance. She’s not just a queen with a title—she’s a woman in motion, moving toward her dreams and lighting a path for others along the way.

Published by Joseph T.

Confidence Through Style: Fashion Advice from Global Influencer Madina Archakova

Women's Journal Staff on April 17, 2025

By: Madina Archakova (International fashion and beauty influencer)

In a world where fashion trends evolve in the blink of an eye, staying true to your personal style can be both empowering and liberating. As someone who has journeyed from a small passion project to working with some of the most iconic fashion and beauty brands in the world, I find that style is more than clothes — it’s a reflection of who you are.

My path into fashion began in childhood. Even then, I felt that the way we dress is a language, one that speaks volumes before we even say a word. Today, with an engaged global audience and collaborations with brands like Prada Beauty, YSL Beauty, Calvin Klein, Citizens of Humanity, Ann Taylor, COS, Massimo Dutti, and ReVive, I’ve seen firsthand how style can empower, uplift, and connect us.

Here, I want to share a few of my go-to styling principles — rooted in my experience and real collaborations — to help women everywhere express their inner strength through fashion.

Confidence Through Style: Fashion Advice from Global Influencer Madina Archakova

Photo Courtesy: @slavik_lyzhov / @madina_mariposa

1. Consider Investing in Timeless Essentials

Trends come and go, but a carefully curated wardrobe with timeless staples tends to stay in style. Think high-quality denim from Citizens of Humanity, a perfectly tailored blazer like the ones I’ve styled from Phillip Lim or Ann Taylor, and a white button-up shirt that often never fails. These are pieces that can serve as the building blocks of a versatile wardrobe.
I often pair classics with modern textures — for example, a structured COS trench coat over relaxed trousers from Helsa Studio, or vintage-inspired jeans with a minimalist silk blouse from Massimo Dutti. The key is mixing clean lines with luxurious fabrics, which can allow even simple outfits to look elevated.

2. Elevate the Everyday with Statement Accessories

Accessories are where your personality can shine. I’ve partnered with exquisite brands like MIKIMOTO and Pandora, whose jewelry collections can transform any outfit. Even a basic monochrome look can feel special with the right earrings or layered necklaces.

One of my favorite pairings? A sleek black dress from RTA Brand with pearl drop earrings from MIKIMOTO and a bold handbag from Demellier London. This simple formula — a neutral outfit with strong accessories — often works for both day and night.

3. Balance Trends with Personal Identity

While staying updated on trends can be important, especially if you work in or love fashion, trends should enhance your personal style — not overpower it. I collaborate with brands like H&M and INDITEX Group, which offer trend-forward pieces that are accessible and can be easy to integrate into any wardrobe.

For instance, wide-leg trousers are in, and I styled a gorgeous pair from Liviana Conti with a tucked-in cashmere knit and ankle boots from SOREL. It’s a trend, but with pieces that feel authentic to me. I often encourage women to ask themselves: Does this trend serve my confidence? My comfort? My identity? If yes, wear it boldly!

Photo Courtesy: @slavik_lyzhov / @madina_mariposa

4. Play with Texture and Layering

A well-styled look often comes down to contrast — soft and structured, matte and shiny, loose and fitted. In one of my recent campaigns with Valentino Beauty and Ballantyne, I wore a structured wool blazer with a sheer lace blouse and satin trousers. The play of texture added elegance and intrigue without needing loud colors or excessive detail. It’s all about the art of subtlety.

5. Confidence is the Ultimate Accessory

The most beautiful women I’ve met aren’t necessarily those in head-to-toe designer labels — they’re the ones who own what they wear. Style isn’t just about clothing; it’s about presence. Confidence, posture, and authenticity can turn a good look into a great one.

As someone who proudly represents Ukraine on the global fashion stage, I find that every outfit should reflect not only your aesthetic but your journey. I receive countless messages from Ukrainian girls who say I’ve inspired them to pursue careers in fashion, and to that I say: be bold, be visible, be you. Start creating. Your story deserves to be seen.

Fashion is not a mask — it’s a mirror. Let it reflect the best of who you are. And never forget: your uniqueness is your greatest style statement.

Published by Jeremy S.